If the msdos file system detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file system read-only. The file system can be made writeable again by remounting it. This argument is constructed by ncpmount 8 and the current version of mount 2. Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by no are recognized: bg , fg , soft , hard , intr , posix , cto , ac , tcp , udp , lock.
For details, see nfs 5. A large buffer size does improve performance, but both the server and client have to support it. In the case where one of these does not support the size specified, the size negotiated will be the largest that both support. Do not start lockd.
Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by no are recognized: bg , fg , soft , hard , intr , cto , ac , For details, see nfs 5. Here 2 give a little-endian encoding and 1 a byteswapped bigendian encoding. The 8. The umask value is given in octal. By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else. Mount options for ramfs Ramfs is a memory based filesystem. Mount it and you have it. Unmount it and it is gone. Present since Linux 2.
Mount options for reiserfs Reiserfs is a journaling filesystem. Tag Description conv Instructs version 3. This file system will no longer be compatible with reiserfs 3. Tag Description rupasov A hash invented by Yury Yu. It is fast and preserves locality, mapping lexicographically close file names to close hash values.
This option should not be used, as it causes a high probability of hash collisions. It uses hash permuting bits in the name. It gets high randomness and, therefore, low probability of hash collisions at some CPU cost. It is used by default and is the best choice unless the file system has huge directories and unusual file-name patterns. This is only useful on the first mount of an old format file system. This may provide performance improvements in some situations.
Even with this option turned on, reiserfs still performs all journalling operations, save for actual writes into its journalling area.
Implementation of nolog is a work in progress. This confuses some utilities such as LILO 8. This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree. Mainly used by reiserfsck. Instructs reiserfs to assume that the device has number blocks. This option is designed for use with devices which are under logical volume management LVM. Mount options for romfs None. This argument is constructed by smbmount 8 and the current version of mount 2. Mount options for sysv None.
Mount options for tmpfs The following parameters accept a suffix k , m or g for Ki, Mi, Gi binary kilo, mega and giga and can be changed on remount. The size is given in bytes, and rounded down to entire pages. The default is half of the memory.
See also iso May not work unless Default: last session. Default: The problem are differences among implementations. Features of some implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize the type of ufs automatically.
Possible values are: Tag Description old Old format of ufs, this is the default, read only. The same filesystem type is also used by Mac OS X. Mount options for umsdos See mount options for msdos. The dotsOK option is explicitly killed by umsdos. Mount options for vfat First of all, the mount options for fat are recognized.
The dotsOK option is explicitly killed by vfat. This lets you backup and restore filenames that are created with any Unicode characters. It can be be enabled for the filesystem with this option. If a long name for a file exists, it will always be preferred display. There are four modes: Tag Description lower Force the short name to lower case upon display; store a long name when the short name is not all upper case.
The default is "lower". The mode is given in octal. Mount options for xenix None. Valid values for this option are 14 through 16, inclusive i. On machines with a 4K pagesize, 13 8K bytes is also a valid size. Valid numbers range from inclusive. The default value is 8 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 64K, 4 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 32K, 3 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 16K, and 2 buffers for all other configurations.
Increasing the number of buffers may increase performance on some workloads at the cost of the memory used for the additional log buffers and their associated control structures. Valid sizes are 16K and 32K. The default value for machines with more than 32MB of memory is , machines with less memory use by default. An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, and a real-time section.
The real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate from the data section or contained within it. Refer to xfs 5. If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to be inconsistent when mounted in norecovery mode.
Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this. Filesystems mounted norecovery must be mounted read-only or the mount will fail. This avoids errors for duplicate uuids. This can result in better performance without compromising data safety. If this option is not specified and the filesystem was made on a stripe volume or the stripe width or unit were specified for the RAID device at mkfs time, then the mount system call will restore the value from the superblock.
For filesystems that are made directly on RAID devices, these options can be used to override the information in the superblock if the underlying disk layout changes after the filesystem has been created. The swidth option is required if the sunit option has been specified, and must be a multiple of the sunit value.
Mount options for xiafs None. Although nothing is wrong with xiafs, it is not used much, and is not maintained. This type of mount knows about three options, namely loop , offset and encryption , that are really options to losetup 8. These options can be used in addition to those specific to the filesystem type. In particular, it may well fail if the kernel was compiled with devfs but devfs is not mounted. Using -l with -t option you can list only specific type of filesystem like below. Bind mounts are quite simple.
Instead of mounting a device with a file system on a particular path you are mounting one path into another path. Use lazy umount in cases where it was obviously stuck for various reasons such as nfs server down , also when you need to see the original content of the directory that was mounted over by the mount. In both cases the mount is busy than you can do lazy unmount filesystem. I hope this article will help to mount and unmount the filesystem or partition in Linux.
Change the default configuration of iptables to include the mount target IP address and allow traffic by typing the following. Replace Save the new iptables entries. Create a mount point by typing the following, replacing yourmountpoint with the local directory from which you want to access your file system. Auto-mount ensures that a file system is automatically re-mounted on an instance if it is rebooted. If your file system has an existing directory structure, you can mount any file system subdirectory.
The subdirectory becomes the effective root directory at the mount point of the instance, and excludes sibling directories. The file system is exported from "MountTarget1" which has an IP address of Neither directoryB or FileB would be accessible from the instance mount point. Mount the file system by copying and editing the Mount Command from the Console or type the following:.
When a file system is created, its root directory is owned by the root user. If you're connecting from an instance that uses a Linux or CentOS platform image, the default user is opc.
If you're connecting from an instance that uses an Ubuntu platform image, the default user is ubuntu. These default users are not root users, so you can't initially write a file or directory to a new file system with these users. Depending on your security requirements, there are several ways to proceed:. Connect as the root user. Then, change the ownership or permissions of the file system root directory to allow other users such as opc or ubuntu to write to the file system.
Then, create subdirectories with ownership or permissions that allow other users to write to the subdirectory. Learn more about updating file and directory ownership and permissions. Connect as the default user. This causes the contents which previously appeared under olddir to be accessed under newdir.
The physical location of the files is not changed. Note that the olddir has to be a mountpoint. A shared mount provides ability to create mirrors of that mount such that mounts and umounts within any of the mirrors propagate to the other mirror.
A secondary mount receives propagation from its primary, but any not vice-versa. A private mount carries no propagation abilities. A unbindable mount is a private mount which cannot be cloned through a bind operation. The following commands allows one to recursively change the type of all the mounts under a given mountpoint. The full set of mount options used by an invocation of mount is determined by first extracting the mount options for the filesystem from the fstab table, then applying any options specified by the -o argument, and finally applying a -r or -w option, when present.
Some of these options could be enabled or disabled by default in the system kernel. The following options apply to any filesystem that is being mounted but not every filesystem actually honors them - e. The following options apply only to certain filesystems.
Here, they are sorted by filesystem. They all follow the -o flag. What options are supported depends on the running kernel.
Amiga Fast File System " affs " is a filesystem used on the Amiga personal computer. It has since largely been replaced by ext3 see below , but is still widely used, especially on flash-based solid-state media.
The ext3 filesystem is a version of ext2 that is enhanced with journalling features. It supports all the ext2 mount options listed above, and the following options.
Specifies the journalling mode for file data. Metadata is always journaled. To use modes other than ordered on the root filesystem, pass the mode to the kernel as boot parameter , e. The ext4 filesystem is an advanced level of the ext3 filesystem which incorporates scalability and reliability enhancements for supporting large filesystem.
File Allocation Table " fat " is a legacy filesystem. Originally designed for use on floppy disks , it is simple and robust, but lacks the advanced features, performance, reliability and scalability of modern filesystems. The following conversion modes are available:.
As of MacOS X version It was designed to improve upon the FAT filesystem. Normal iso file names appear in a 8. Basically, in iso there are extensions to each directory record that supply all the additional information, and when Rock Ridge is in use, the filesystem is indistinguishable from a normal UNIX filesystem except that it is read-only. The following options are the same as for vfat and specifying them only makes sense when using discs encoded using Microsoft's Joliet extensions:.
Reiserfs is a general-purpose journaled filesystem. It was the first journaled filesystem supported by the Linux kernel , and was once the default filesystem on SUSE Linux, before ext3 became the default.
Choose which hash function reiserfs use to find files within directories:. It is mounted and structured like a disk-based filesystem, but resides in volatile memory space, similar to a RAM disk. Mount options for tmpfs :. It can be adjusted on the fly via ' mount -o remount Note that atime is not supported and is always turned off. See also iso , above. It is used in many Unix and Unix-like filesystems, and is a descendent of the filesystem used in Version 7 Unix.
UFS is a filesystem widely used in different operating systems; there are significant differences among implementations. Features of some implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize the type of ufs automatically. That's why the user must specify the type of ufs by mount option. Possible values are:. The usbfs filesystem is dynamically generated, similar to proc see The Loop Device , below.
Options that are valid for fat see above are also valid for vfat , except for the " dot " options. Additional options are as follows. Mount options for vfat :. Defines the behavior for creation and display of file names which fit into 8. If a long name for a file exists, it is always the preferred display.
There are four modes:. One further possible type is a mount via the loop device. A loop device is a "pseudo device" which allows a file to be mounted as a filesystem. For example, the command:. If no explicit loop device is mentioned but only an option ' -o loop ' is given , then mount tries to find some unused loop device and use that; for example:.
The mount command automatically creates a loop device from a regular file if a filesystem type is not specified or the filesystem is known for libblkid , for example:. This type of mount knows about four options, namely loop , offset , sizelimit and encryption , that are really options to losetup.
If the mount requires a passphrase , you are prompted for one unless you specify a file descriptor to read from instead with the --pass-fd option. These options can be used in addition to those specific to the filesystem type. You can also free a loop device by hand, using ' losetup -d ' or ' umount -d '. Mount the ISO Image file disk1. Syntax Examples Related commands Linux commands help. Used in conjunction with -a : fork off a new incarnation of mount for each device. This does the mounts on different devices or different NFS servers in parallel.
This has the advantage that it is faster; also, NFS timeouts occur in parallel. A disadvantage is that the mounts are done in undefined order. Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call; in effect, this "fakes" the mounting of the filesystem.
This option is useful in conjunction with the -v flag to determine what the mount command is trying to do. It can also be used to add entries for devices that were mounted earlier with the -n option. Add labels to the mount output. Mount must have permission to read the disk device e. Don't canonicalize standardize path names. This option can is used with the -f flag for already canonicalized absolute paths. In case of a loop mount with encryption , read the passphrase from file descriptor num instead of from the terminal.
Tolerate sloppy mount options rather than failing. This option ignores mount options not supported by a filesystem type. Not all filesystems support this option.
This option exists for support of the Linux autofs -based automounter. Mount the filesystem read-only. A synonym is -o ro. Note that, depending on the filesystem type, state and kernel behavior, the system may still write to the device. For example, ext3 or ext4 replays its journal if the filesystem is "dirty" if there is unfinished business, such as data not yet written. To prevent this kind of write access, you may want to mount ext3 or ext4 filesystems with " ro,noload " mount options or set the block device to read-only mode, which can be achieved with the command blockdev.
Mount the partition with the specified UUID uuid. The argument following the -t indicates the filesystem type. The filesystem types that are currently supported include: adfs affs autofs cifs coda coherent cramfs debugfs devpts efs ext ext2 ext3 ext4 fat hfs hfsplus hpfs iso jfs minix msdos ncpfs nfs nfs4 ntfs proc qnx4 ramfs reiserfs romfs squashfs smbfs sysv tmpfs ubifs udf ufs umsdos usbfs vfat xenix xfs xiafs Note that coherent , sysv and xenix are equivalent and that xenix and coherent are removed at some point in the future — use sysv instead.
Since kernel version 2. Earlier, usbfs was known as usbdevfs. Note also that the complete list of all supported filesystems depends upon your kernel. The programs mount and umount support filesystem subtypes. The subtype is defined by '.
For example, ' fuse. It's recommended to use subtype notation rather than add any prefix to the mount source for example, ' sshfs example.
For most types all the mount program has to do is issue a simple mount system call, and no detailed knowledge of the filesystem type is required. For a few types however like nfs , nfs4 , cifs , smbfs , ncpfs ad hoc code is necessary.
The nfs , nfs4 , cifs , smbfs , and ncpfs filesystems have a separate mount program. If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is specified, mount tries to guess the desired type. All the filesystem types listed there are tried, except for those that are labeled " nodev " e. The auto type may be useful for user-mounted floppies. The list of filesystem types can be prefixed with no to specify the filesystem types on which no action should be taken. This can be meaningful with the -a option.
For example, the command: mount -a -t nomsdos,ext mounts all filesystems except those of type msdos and ext. Used in conjunction with -a , to limit the set of filesystems that the -a is applied. Like -t in this regard except that it is useless except in the context of -a. It is different from -t in that each option is matched exactly; a leading no at the beginning of one option does not negate the rest.
Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma separated string of options. Remount a subtree and all possible submounts somewhere else so that its contents are available in both places. See also the sync option.
Do not use noatime feature, then the inode access time is controlled by kernel defaults. See also the description for strictatime and reatime mount options.
Do not update inode access times on this filesystem e. Can only be mounted explicitly i. It also helps in compatibility with xattr -supporting filesystems on earlier 2. Even where xattrs are supported, you can save time not having to label every file by assigning the entire disk one security context.
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