Via padlock programs

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Padlock is the solution for a market environment where every company could be working with a vastly distributed talent pool, from anywhere in the world. The value in ECX is decremented after each block is encrypted or decrypted.

To let PadLock know exactly how to process the data, we must fill a structure called control word with following items:. Rounds—internal value of the algorithm; see the explanation later in the text and in PadLock documentation. In C we can use union to allocate the appropriate space for the structure and a bit field to describe and access its items easily :.

Now that we know all the theory, it's time for a real example. To begin, here are some lines of pure assembler:. This piece of code encrypts one block of data with a cipher key and an initialization vector, following the parameters set in control word cword. Notice that we use the same address for both source and destination data, therefore we encrypt in-place. Because the field data has a size of only a single block, we set the ECX register to one. To use PadLock directly in a C program, we can write the PadLock routines to separate assembler source file, then compile to standalone modules and finally link to our binary.

It often is easier, though, to use the GCC inline assembler and write the instructions directly in the C code. See Resources for a link to a tutorial on the inline assembler.

This code instructs the compiler to load the given values of input, count and other parameters into the appropriate registers.

It then is told to issue the xcryptcbc instruction and, finally, to return the value found in the EAX register as a pointer to the new initialization vector. To be successful here, we also must fill in the control word structure correctly. First of all, it is a good idea to clear the union to avoid using any irrelevant values that might be in the memory:.

Now let's fill in the fields one by one. The first one in the list is rounds. This item specifies how many times AES processing should be run with the input block, each round using a unique part of the expanded key. The next field is algo. This is reserved to let you choose future encryption algorithms instead of AES, although AES is the only option at the moment. Therefore, leave zero here.

The keygen field must be set to one if we prepare the expanded key ourselves. Zero means that PadLock should generate it instead, but that is possible only for bit keys:. The item interm enables the storing of intermediate results after each round of the algorithm is run.

I suspect the CPU architects used this field for debugging their core, and I don't see much sense in setting this in the program. Encryption is distinguished from decryption by the bit encdec. Zero is encryption; one is decryption. That's it. If the electrons are on our side, in a short while we receive the encrypted data. PadLock documentation is available publicly on the VIA Web site; there you can find further information about PadLock programming caveats.

The complete example program for encrypting one block of data, including verification of the result, can be found on my PadLock in Linux home page. See Resources for additional links. Michal Ludvig michal logix. He enjoys exploring the secrets of New Zealand with his wife and daughter.

Accept the slowdown: the typical approach. Read on. Table 1. ESI—source address. EDI—destination address. EAX—initialization vector address.

EBX—cipher key address.